Crosstalk & Isolation

Checks for always-on ZZ, neighbour isolation, leakage, package modes, and unintended

electromagnetic coupling.

#

VER ID

Parameter

Severity

Design Rule / Constraint

Ideal / Optimal Value

Acceptable Range

Good

Bad

Why It Matters

35

HFSS-C-001

ZZ Coupling ζ (idle)

Critical

ζ_ZZ/2π < 10 kHz between non-coupled pairs (idle)

< 1 kHz

1 – 100 kHz

< 1 kHz: conditional phase < 0.01 rad in 10 µs; negligible idle ZZ

error

> 1 MHz: > 1 rad conditional phase per µs; circuit depth severely

limited

Always-on ZZ interaction from dispersive coupling. Even static ZZ causes

phase errors that accumulate, limiting circuit depth.

36

HFSS-C-002

Nearest Neighbour Isolation

High

S_ij (nearest neighbour) ≤ −40 dB

< −40 dB

−30 to −50 dB

< −40 dB: driven rotation on neighbour qubit < 10⁻⁴ rad during

single-qubit gate

> −20 dB: significant driven rotation on neighbours; simultaneous

single-qubit gates not independent

EM isolation between nearest-neighbour qubits. Insufficient isolation causes

unwanted rotations during single-qubit gates.

37

HFSS-C-003

Next-Nearest Isolation

High

S_ij (next-nearest) ≤ −60 dB

< −60 dB

−50 to −70 dB

< −60 dB: long-range crosstalk < 10⁻⁶ rad; 2D grid operation fully

independent

> −40 dB: long-range coupling; frequency collisions compound with

nearest-neighbour

Isolation beyond nearest neighbour. Critical for scalable multi-qubit

processors; long-range EM leakage compounds errors.

38

HFSS-C-004

Leakage to |2⟩ (L₁)

Critical

L₁ < 0.01% per gate

< 0.01 %

0.01 – 0.1 %

< 0.01%: seepage outside qubit subspace negligible; DRAG pulse sufficient

> 1%: leakage accumulates over circuit; error correction cannot track

non-qubit states

Population leaked to |2⟩ non-computational state during gates. DRAG pulses

mitigate but require sufficient anharmonicity.

39

HFSS-C-005

Spurious Mode Gap Δf_spur

High

Δf_spur ≥ 1 GHz from nearest spurious EM mode

> 1 GHz gap

0.5 – 2 GHz gap

> 1 GHz gap: no spurious mode within pulse bandwidth; gate calibration

stable

< 0.2 GHz: mode within pulse bandwidth; state leakage and parametric

drive of spurious modes

Frequency distance to nearest unintended EM mode. Modes within drive

bandwidth cause state leakage and gate calibration drift.

40

HFSS-C-006

Package Mode Density

Medium

< 1 spurious package mode per GHz near qubit band

< 0.5 modes/GHz

< 5 modes/GHz

< 0.5/GHz: low probability of accidental hybridisation across 64-qubit

chip

> 10/GHz: dense mode spectrum; unavoidable hybridisation; package must be

redesigned

Density of package/enclosure modes near qubit frequency. High density

increases probability of accidental mode hybridisation.